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Internet, web and networks I · Lesson 03 / 10

An address has parts

Reading an address reveals which service receives the request and which part stays in the browser.

Learning paths12 min

Let's discover together

  1. 1

    Read https://garden.example:443/lessons?topic=water#steps. https is the scheme; garden.example is the host; 443 is the explicit port; /lessons is the path. The .example domain is reserved for examples.

  2. 2

    The query starts at ?; here it is topic=water. The fragment starts at #; here it is steps. For this HTTP request, the browser sends path and query but not the fragment as part of the target.

  3. 3

    Page scripts can read the fragment and send it later. Therefore # is not a password vault. Queries can also appear in history and service logs; use only fictional values in exercises.

  4. 4

    A port identifies a service communication endpoint, not a physical socket. HTTPS defaults to 443 and HTTP to 80, but other numbers are possible. A similar path does not make two hosts the same.

Your investigation notebook

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Official links and next step

✦
YOUR MISSION

Separate scheme, host, port, path, query and fragment.

Now it's your turn

Discovery workshop

Observe before concluding

Analyze https://garden.example:443/lessons?topic=water#steps without opening this fictional address.
Build your answers and check when you are ready.
A moment to understand

Should a password go in the query or fragment?

I need a hint

Return to the evidence: what was observed and what is still unknown?

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Take it with you

Create another URL using garden.example and invented words. Identify its parts and explain changing only the fragment. You need not access the domain.

At your own pace

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